#33 Ya, la ley Helms-Burton son los padres:
-International Sanctions against the Cuban Government. Economic embargo, any non-U.S. company that deals economically with Cuba can be subjected to legal action and that company's leadership can be barred from entry into the United States. Sanctions may be applied to non-U.S. companies trading with Cuba. This means that internationally operating companies have to choose between Cuba and the U.S., which is a much larger market.
-United States opposition against Cuban membership in International Financial Institutions.
-Television broadcasting from the United States to Cuba.
-Authorization of United States support for "democratic and human rights groups" and international observers.
-Declares United States policy towards a "transition government" and a "democratically elected government" in Cuba.
-Protection of property rights of certain United States nationals.
-Exclusion of certain aliens from the United States, primarily senior officials or major stock holders, and their families, of companies that do business in Cuba on property expropriated from American citizens. To date, executives from Italy, Mexico, Canada, Israel, and the United Kingdom have been barred.
-Provides power to the Legislative Branch to override an Executive Branch cancellation of the embargo, although such a legislative veto had been ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court 13 years earlier.
-Prohibits the completion of the Juragua Nuclear Power Plant.
-Prompts for the retirement of former Soviet Union personnel out of Cuban military and intelligence facilities, including the military and intelligence facilities at Lourdes and Cienfuegos.
-Prohibits recognition of a transitional government in Cuba that includes Fidel or Raúl Castro.
-Prohibits recognition of a Cuban government that has not provided compensation for U.S. certified claims against confiscated property, defined as non-residential property with an excess of $50,000 value in 1959.
-Prompts for extradition or otherwise rendition to the United States of all persons sought by the United States Department of Justice for crimes committed in the United States.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helms%E2%80%93Burton_Act
De todas formas sigue siendo algo puntual, repito de nuevo que en otros apartados estadísticos igual de importantes que el PIB, Cuba tiene números similares a cualquier otro estado que tenga medicina moderna y favorezca el desarrollo científico. También hablo de Vietnam o China, no solo de Cuba.
#34 Los avances tecnológicos humanos creo que llevan creciendo exponencialmente desde el comienzo del desarrollo de herramientas. Que dos cosas ocurran en el mismo contexto histórico no significa necesariamente que sean proporcionales, a la famosa estadística del cambio climático y piratas me remito.
Sinceramente, yo creo que ciertos factores inherentes al estado-nación moderno y especialmente a la democracia liberal favorece el desarrollo tecnológico. Pero no es precisamente el sistema económico "per se" que intenta guiar la ciencia para obtener beneficios, si no por cuestiones como la libertad de prensa, favorecer el intercambio de conocimientos, mismamente la competitividad para cierto tipo de personas, etcétera.